{"id":41981,"date":"2025-02-12T15:14:41","date_gmt":"2025-02-12T19:14:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/what-is-astringency-and-what-role-does-it-play-in-the-sensory-experience-of-beer\/"},"modified":"2025-02-12T15:14:41","modified_gmt":"2025-02-12T19:14:41","slug":"what-is-astringency-and-what-role-does-it-play-in-the-sensory-experience-of-beer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/what-is-astringency-and-what-role-does-it-play-in-the-sensory-experience-of-beer\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Astringency and What Role Does It Play in the Sensory Experience of Beer?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"thebe-419978649\" class=\"thebe-antes-del-contenido-3 thebe-entity-placement\">\n            <div \n                class=\"elfsight-widget-popup elfsight-widget\" \n                data-elfsight-popup-options=\"%7B%22blocks%22%3A%5B%7B%22id%22%3A%22babc7e96-e195-4da3-a8c5-7072d42f2f5c%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22image%22%2C%22imageFile%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22uploaded%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22name%22%3A%2261d71zGp0%2BL._SL1500_%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.thebeertimes.com%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fuploads%5C%2F2026%5C%2F02%5C%2F61d71zGp0L._SL1500_.jpg%22%2C%22size%22%3A45654%2C%22type%22%3A%22image%22%2C%22extension%22%3A%22jpeg%22%2C%22width%22%3A940%2C%22height%22%3A1500%2C%22ext%22%3A%22jpeg%22%7D%7D%2C%22imageScale%22%3A60%7D%2C%7B%22id%22%3A%226689e0da-ab1d-42a0-ac83-457ff13f91dd%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22button%22%2C%22buttonText%22%3A%22Buy%20on%20AMAZON%22%2C%22buttonAction%22%3A%22redirect%22%2C%22buttonStyle%22%3A%22filled%22%2C%22buttonShape%22%3A%22rectangle%22%2C%22buttonColor%22%3A%22rgb%28255%2C%2038%2C%2067%29%22%2C%22buttonFontSize%22%3A16%2C%22label%22%3A%22Button%22%2C%22buttonUrl%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amazon.com%5C%2Fdp%5C%2FB0GDGJJWD2%22%7D%5D%2C%22layout%22%3A%22modal%22%2C%22width%22%3A500%2C%22popupBlocksAlignment%22%3A%22center%22%2C%22popupShape%22%3A%22rounded%22%2C%22popupBackgroundColor%22%3A%22rgb%28255%2C%20255%2C%20255%29%22%2C%22popupBackgroundImage%22%3Anull%2C%22popupBackgroundImageOverlayColor%22%3A%22%22%2C%22overlayVisible%22%3Atrue%2C%22overlayClose%22%3Atrue%2C%22overlayBackgroundColor%22%3A%22rgba%2817%2C%2017%2C%2017%2C%200.7%29%22%2C%22overlayBackgroundImage%22%3Anull%2C%22overlayBackgroundImageOverlayColor%22%3A%22%22%2C%22closeButtonVisible%22%3Atrue%2C%22closeButtonColor%22%3A%22rgba%2817%2C%2017%2C%2017%2C%200.7%29%22%2C%22triggerPageLoadEnabled%22%3Afalse%2C%22triggerTimeOnPageEnabled%22%3Afalse%2C%22triggerTimeOnPageDuration%22%3A30%2C%22triggerScrollEnabled%22%3Atrue%2C%22triggerScrollPosition%22%3A25%2C%22triggerScrollToElementEnabled%22%3Afalse%2C%22triggerScrollToElementId%22%3Anull%2C%22triggerClickEnabled%22%3Afalse%2C%22triggerClickElementId%22%3Anull%2C%22triggerExitIntentEnabled%22%3Afalse%2C%22displayFrequency%22%3A%22everytime%22%2C%22displayPages%22%3A%22allPages%22%2C%22displayExcludedPages%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22displaySpecificPages%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22displayDevices%22%3A%5B%22desktop%22%2C%22tablet%22%2C%22mobile%22%5D%2C%22widgetId%22%3A%224%22%7D\" \n                data-elfsight-popup-version=\"1.0.0\"\n                data-elfsight-widget-id=\"elfsight-popup-4\">\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div><div id=\"thebe-724283108\" class=\"thebe-fuente-preferida-2 thebe-entity-placement\" style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/preferences\/source?q=thebeertimes.com\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"A\u00f1adir como fuente preferida en google\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Anadir-como-fuente-preferida-en-google-1.jpg\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Anadir-como-fuente-preferida-en-google-1.jpg 638w, https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Anadir-como-fuente-preferida-en-google-1-300x60.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px\" width=\"175\" height=\"127\"  style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><\/a><\/div><p>Astringency is a phenomenon that, although often underestimated, is critical in defining the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/a-que-nos-referimos-por-calidad-en-cervezas\/\">quality of a beer<\/a>, as its presence can drastically alter the balance and perception of other flavors and textures.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-34893 size-full\" title=\"Astringency\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Astringencia-en-la-cerveza.jpg\" alt=\"Astringency\" width=\"600\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Astringencia-en-la-cerveza.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Astringencia-en-la-cerveza-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Astringencia-en-la-cerveza-114x60.jpg 114w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>We are referring to a sensation of dryness and roughness on the tongue, palate, and gums, which originates from the interaction of certain compounds that reduce the lubricating capacity of saliva.<\/p>\n\n<h2>What is Astringency?<\/h2>\n<p>From a specific perspective, astringency is not a taste but a tactile sensation in the mouth resulting from the chemical interaction of tannins and other polyphenols with salivary proteins.<\/p>\n<p>It is typically perceived as a persistent roughness in the mouth that can modify the perception of other flavor characteristics, such as sweetness or bitterness.<\/p>\n<p>Its presence in beer is influenced by multiple factors, including the ingredients used, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/que-es-el-ph-y-como-afecta-al-proceso-de-elaboracion-de-cerveza\/\">pH of the process<\/a>, temperature and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/maceracion-descubre-todos-sus-secretos\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"303\">mashing time<\/a>, grain sparging, fermentation, and storage.<\/p>\n<p>Astringency is particularly relevant in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/beer-types-origin-and-styles\/\">beer styles<\/a> where smoothness and balance are key, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/pilsner-checa-vs-pilsner-alemana-referencias-de-estilo\/\">pilsners<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>However, in more robust styles, such as stouts or barleywines, a slight astringency may be acceptable, as it can add complexity and contrast.<\/p>\n<div id=\"thebe-4134215960\" style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9395258998211551\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9395258998211551\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"8775458773\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<h2>What Causes Astringency in Beer?<\/h2>\n<p>Tannins are the primary contributors to astringency, and these are mainly found in grain husks and hops, with solubility increasing at higher temperatures, alkaline pH, or prolonged mashing times.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to tannins\u2014a specific type of high-molecular-weight polyphenols\u2014other polyphenols such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and proanthocyanidins can contribute to astringency in beer, especially when oxidized during brewing or storage.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8908\" title=\"Beer Ingredients\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Ingredientes_Cerveza-300x192.jpg\" alt=\"Beer Ingredients\" width=\"400\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Ingredientes_Cerveza-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Ingredientes_Cerveza.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The water used in brewing also plays a fundamental role. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/ajustes-del-agua-para-la-elaboracion-de-cerveza\/\">water profile<\/a> with high carbonate content can favor the extraction of tannins and other phenolic compounds, intensifying the perception of astringency. <\/p>\n<p>The composition of mineral salts in the water affects how these compounds interact with the chemical structure of the beer and with salivary proteins.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/10-cosas-que-deberias-saber-acerca-del-lupulo\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"305\">Hops<\/a>, although less significant than grains in terms of astringency, can contribute some roughness when varieties with high polyphenol content (Cascade, Centennial, Chinook, etc.) are used or when <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/dry-hopping-dry-hop-what-is-it-what-is-it-for-and-what-are-its-benefits\/\">dry hopping<\/a> is overdone.<\/p>\n<p>Prolonged contact with the wort or finished beer can favor the extraction of these compounds, especially if cold maturation is not properly managed.<\/p>\n<h2>Formation of Astringency<\/h2>\n<p>Mashing is one of the most critical stages in the formation of astringency.<\/p>\n<p>A pH above 5.8 facilitates the solubilization of tannins from grain husks, while temperatures above 76\u00b0C increase the extraction of phenolic compounds.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-19298 size-full\" title=\"pH Scale\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Escala-pH.jpg\" alt=\"pH Scale\" width=\"567\" height=\"189\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Escala-pH.jpg 567w, https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Escala-pH-300x100.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Milling also significantly influences astringency; overly fine milling breaks the husks into excessively small particles, exposing more surface area to extraction and promoting the release of unwanted polyphenols.<\/p>\n<p>During grain sparging, known as lautering, excessive water or an inappropriate pH can carry additional tannins into the wort.<\/p>\n<p>If the gravity of the collected wort falls below 1.010, the extraction of astringent compounds is likely to increase.<\/p>\n<p>Adjusting the pH of the sparging water within the optimal range of 5.2 to 5.6 and controlling the amount of water used helps mitigate this issue.<\/p>\n<h2>Fermentation and Storage<\/h2>\n<p>During fermentation, although yeast does not directly produce astringent compounds, certain defects can enhance the sensation of astringency.<\/p>\n<p>The presence of volatile phenols, especially in beers infected with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/yeasts-bacteria-sour-beer-production\/\">wild yeast or bacteria<\/a>, can intensify dryness and roughness on the palate.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, incomplete fermentation or the use of unhealthy yeast can generate byproducts that alter the perception of the beer&#8217;s texture.<\/p>\n<p>Aging and storage also play an important role. The oxidation of polyphenols during this stage can generate more astringent compounds and modify the sensory perception of the beer. <\/p><div id=\"thebe-3069045336\" class=\"thebe-libros-amazon thebe-entity-placement\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><div style=\"background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: 12px; padding: 16px; max-width: 320px; margin: 20px auto; text-align: center; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3LddZmQ\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-43340 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Catar-cerveza-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Gu\u00eda Pr\u00e1ctica Catar Cerveza Amazon\" width=\"200\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Catar-cerveza-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Catar-cerveza-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Catar-cerveza-370x370.jpg 370w, https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Catar-cerveza.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #0000ff; font-weight: bold; margin: 8px 0; line-height: 1.2;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3LddZmQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">Gu\u00eda pr\u00e1ctica para catar cerveza: C\u00f3mo apreciar correctamente todas las cervezas del mundo<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"fasc-button fasc-size-medium fasc-type-flat fasc-rounded-medium fasc-ico-before dashicons-cart\" style=\"background-color: #ff9900; color: #000000;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3LddZmQ\">Comprar en Amazon<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/causes-and-effects-of-oxidation-in-beer-everything-you-need-to-know\/\">Exposure to oxygen<\/a> favors the formation of quinones, which interact with proteins and contribute to the sensation of roughness in the mouth.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/consejos-para-almacenar-y-envejecer-cervezas-correctamente\/\">Inadequate storage<\/a>, with temperature fluctuations or excessive contact with oxygen, can exacerbate this effect.<\/p>\n<h2>Effects on the Sensory Experience<\/h2>\n<p>Astringency impacts the sensory experience by altering the texture and balance of the beer.<\/p>\n<p>On the palate, it is perceived as a persistent dryness that can overshadow other attributes, such as maltiness or sweetness.<\/p>\n<p>In styles where a smooth and rounded profile is sought, such as lagers or wheat beers, astringency is generally undesirable.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-17660\" title=\"Barrel aged beer\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Cervezas-a%C3%B1ejadas-en-barrica-300x158.jpg\" alt=\"Barrel aged beer\" width=\"400\" height=\"210\"><\/p>\n<p>However, in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/abv-vs-abw-cual-es-la-diferencia-en-la-forma-que-medimos-el-contenido-de-alcohol\/\">high-alcohol beers<\/a> or those with a heavy load of dark malts, slight astringency can even contribute to sensory complexity.<\/p>\n<p>In stouts, barleywines, and certain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/30-essential-belgian-beers-you-should-try-at-least-once\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"304\">Belgian beers<\/a>, a moderate level of astringency can balance the perception of sweetness and provide a structural sensation that enriches the overall profile of the beer.<\/p>\n<p>The perception of sweetness may be reduced by the presence of high astringency, which in some cases can make a well-balanced beer seem drier than expected.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/what-is-bitter-flavor-origins-types-bitterness\/\">hop bitterness<\/a> can be amplified when there is an excessive load of astringent polyphenols, creating an unpleasant sensation of roughness.<\/p>\n<h2>Controlling and Minimizing Astringency<\/h2>\n<p>Ingredient selection is the first step to avoid unwanted astringency.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: inherit; color: rgba(var(--c-rgba), 0.74);\">Choosing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/aprendiendo-a-comprender-las-maltas-base\/\">quality malts<\/a>, with good control over the malting process, reduces the presence of unwanted phenolic compounds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>During mashing, controlling the pH within the appropriate range and avoiding excessive temperatures limits the extraction of tannins.<\/p>\n<p>Balanced milling, which preserves the integrity of the husks without generating an excess of fine particles, also helps keep astringency under control.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-34892\" title=\"Mashing\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Maceracion-de-granos-300x198.jpg\" alt=\"Mashing\" width=\"400\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Maceracion-de-granos-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Maceracion-de-granos-370x245.jpg 370w, https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Maceracion-de-granos.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In grain sparging, avoiding over-extraction is essential. Stopping the sparge before reaching too low a gravity and adjusting the water chemistry to reduce the carryover of polyphenols minimizes the risk of astringency. <\/p>\n<p>During fermentation, using healthy yeast and maintaining optimal conditions reduces the likelihood of defects that could intensify the sensation of dryness in the mouth.<\/p>\n<p>Proper storage, with precise oxygen management and controlled temperature conditions, prevents the oxidation of polyphenols and the formation of additional astringent compounds.<\/p>\n<p>Using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/barriles-de-cerveza-historia-tipos-y-usos\/\">barrels<\/a> or bottles with low oxygen permeability and minimizing air contact during transfer and packaging are key strategies to preserve the desired sensory profile.<\/p>\n<div id=\"thebe-2260448008\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9395258998211551\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9395258998211551\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"1179889612\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<h2>How to Identify and Evaluate Astringency<\/h2>\n<p>To identify astringency in beer, it is important to pay attention to the mouthfeel and the persistence of dryness.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike bitterness, which is perceived on the taste buds, astringency is felt as a generalized roughness in the mouth and tongue.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-19671\" title=\"Tongue map\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mapa-de-la-lengua-300x194.jpg\" alt=\"Tongue map\" width=\"400\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mapa-de-la-lengua-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mapa-de-la-lengua.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In certain styles, it can add depth and complexity, while in others it may be a sign of brewing issues.<\/p>\n<p>Understanding its origin and how it influences the overall perception of beer allows for a deeper appreciation and more informed judgment when evaluating a beer.<\/p>\n<h2>Final Thoughts<\/h2>\n<p>Astringency is a complex phenomenon that can significantly influence the quality and perception of a beer.<\/p>\n<p>Its control is not only a technical challenge but also an opportunity to adjust the sensory profile of a beer and enhance its characteristics.<\/p>\n<div id=\"thebe-851551726\" style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\"><div id=\"pf-15242-1\" data-format=\"display\" ><script>window.pubfuturetag = window.pubfuturetag || [];window.pubfuturetag.push({unit: \"683988d268662b3361d8a48f\", id: \"pf-15242-1\"})<\/script><\/div><\/div>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Bamforth, C. W. (2006). <a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/41cxMrL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scientific Principles of Malting and Brewing<\/a>. American Society of Brewing Chemists. <\/li>\n<li>Briggs, D. E., Boulton, C. A., Brookes, P. A., &amp; Stevens, R. (2004). <a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3EDunJO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Brewing: Science and Practice. Woodhead Publishing<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Mallett, John<span class=\"a-size-base a-color-secondary\"> <\/span>(2014). <a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/40WMIc5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Malt: A Practical Guide from Field to Brewhouse<\/a>. Brewers Publications.<\/li>\n<li>Hieronymus, S. (2012). <a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4idGmwb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">For the Love of Hops: The Practical Guide to Aroma, Bitterness, and the Culture of Hops<\/a>. Brewers Publications.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>We recommend<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/vertical-tasting-vs-horizontal-tasting-what-are-they-what-are-their-objectives-and-differences\/\">Vertical Tasting vs. Horizontal Tasting: What Are They? What Are Their Objectives and Differences?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/what-is-a-cold-chain-and-why-is-it-important-for-maintaining-beer-quality\/\">What is a Cold Chain and Why is it Important for Maintaining Beer Quality?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><div id=\"thebe-1194346762\" class=\"thebe-adsterra-300-x-250 thebe-entity-placement\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9395258998211551\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9395258998211551\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"1930811761\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Astringency is a tactile sensation that causes dryness and roughness on the tongue, palate, and gums. It originates from the interaction of tannins and other polyphenols with the proteins in saliva.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41979,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","ai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[21119],"tags":[21123,21121,21122,21124,21120],"class_list":["post-41981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-culture","tag-astringency","tag-brewing-beer","tag-culture","tag-mouthfeel","tag-tasting-beer","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41981"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41981\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thebeertimes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}